Joint action of binary mixtures of cetyltrimethyl ammonium chloride and aromatic hydrocarbons on Chlorella vulgaris

The joint action of binary mixtures of cetyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (CTAC), a cationic surfactant, and six aromatic hydrocarbons (AHs) on green algae Chlorella vulgaris was investigated. In single systems, inhibition efficiency of CTAC on the growth of algae was much higher than that of AHs (benzene, toluene, phenol, nitrobenzene, phenanthrene and fluoranthene). In combined systems, the toxicity of CTAC was enhanced by low concentrations of AHs. 96 h EC50 value of CTAC varied from 145 +/- 13.35-56 +/- 8.27 to 56 +/- 8.27-226 +/- 8.22 mu g/L when exposed to 0-1.13 and 1.13-100.84 mu g/L fluoranthene, respectively. Zeta potential of algae initially increased and then decreased with the increase of fluoranthene concentration, whereas residual CTAC concentration displayed an opposite trend in the combined system. These results of this investigation showed that fluoranthene influenced the sorption of CTAC by C. vulgaris. The above results indicated that cationic surfactants and AHs have synergetic toxic effects on aquatic biota. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.