期刊
ECOTOXICOLOGY
卷 21, 期 5, 页码 1458-1464出版社
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s10646-012-0899-y
关键词
Fungicide; Strobilurin; Amphibian; Toxicity; Bufo
资金
- National Science Foundation [0718302]
- CEAP Wetlands Program, US Department of Agriculture-Natural Resource Conservation Service
- Division Of Mathematical Sciences
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [0718302] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
Fungicide applications in the United States have increased tenfold in the last 5 years. Formulations and active ingredients (AIs) have been demonstrated to cause acute mortality to amphibian life stages. However, there has been little to no discrimination between the toxicity of fungicide formulations and their AIs. Therefore, we compared the acute toxicity of the active ingredients and formulations of the fungicides Headline(A (R)), Stratego(A (R)), and Quilt(A (R)) using Bufo cognatus tadpoles exposed to four concentrations and a control. All fungicides, including AIs and formulations, demonstrated toxicity to tadpoles, with Headline(A (R)) and Stratego(A (R)) causing 100 % mortality at the highest concentrations. Exposure to Quilt(A (R)) formulation and its AIs resulted in 50-60 % tadpole mortality. Overall, toxicity was comparable between AIs and formulations for all fungicides and concentrations, with the exception of Headline(A (R)) at 5 mu g/L, where formulation exposure resulted in 79 % mortality versus no mortality from exposure to the AI. Results suggest the AIs are responsible for most mortality for Quilt(A (R)) and Stratego(A (R)). Results for Headline(A (R)) however suggest that although the AI is toxic to tadpoles at environmentally relevant concentrations, adjuvant(s) in the Headline(A (R)) formulation also contribute to mortality, making it the most toxic of the fungicides studied.
作者
我是这篇论文的作者
点击您的名字以认领此论文并将其添加到您的个人资料中。
推荐
暂无数据