期刊
ECOLOGY LETTERS
卷 17, 期 7, 页码 881-890出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/ele.12279
关键词
Coefficient of variation; community context; conditionality; distributed outcomes; interaction strength; meta-analysis
类别
资金
- Wiess Career Development Chair at Rice University
- NSF DEB [1145588, 0949719]
- Division Of Environmental Biology
- Direct For Biological Sciences [1145588, 0949719] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
The net effects of interspecific species interactions on individuals and populations vary in both sign (-, 0, +) and magnitude (strong to weak). Interaction outcomes are context-dependent when the sign and/or magnitude change as a function of the biotic or abiotic context. While context dependency appears to be common, its distribution in nature is poorly described. Here, we used meta-analysis to quantify variation in species interaction outcomes (competition, mutualism, or predation) for 247 published articles. Contrary to our expectations, variation in the magnitude of effect sizes did not differ among species interactions, and while mutualism was most likely to change sign across contexts (and predation least likely), mutualism did not strongly differ from competition. Both the magnitude and sign of species interactions varied the most along spatial and abiotic gradients, and least as a function of the presence/absence of a third species. However, the degree of context dependency across these context types was not consistent among mutualism, competition and predation studies. Surprisingly, study location and ecosystem type varied in the degree of context dependency, with laboratory studies showing the highest variation in outcomes. We urge that studying context dependency per se, rather than focusing only on mean outcomes, can provide a general method for describing patterns of variation in nature.
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