期刊
ECOLOGY
卷 94, 期 6, 页码 1236-1242出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1890/12-1840.1
关键词
adaptive significance; context-dependent selection; Dactylorhiza lapponica; ecological context; floral evolution; mechanism of selection; natural selection; plant-animal interactions; pollination efficiency; pollinator attraction
类别
资金
- Swedish Research Council Formas
- Swedish Research Council
Clarifying the relationship between environmental context and the adaptive significance of floral traits is fundamental for an understanding of spatial and temporal variation in pollinator-mediated selection. We manipulated vegetation height and pollination regime of the orchid Dactylorhiza lapponica in a factorial design to test whether pollinator-mediated selection on floral traits is stronger in tall than in short vegetation, and whether this difference is larger for visual traits affecting pollinator attraction than for traits affecting pollination efficiency. In tall vegetation, pollinators mediated strong selection for taller plants (change in selection gradient for pollination, Delta beta(poll) = 0.33), more flowers (Delta beta(poll) = 0.34), and longer spurs (Delta beta(poll) = 0.42). In short vegetation, there was no significant selection on plant height, and pollinator-mediated selection on number of flowers and spur length was reduced by 52% and 25%, respectively. The results demonstrate experimentally that vegetation context can markedly influence the strength of pollinator-mediated selection on visual display traits, and indicate that this effect is weaker for traits affecting pollination efficiency. The study illustrates how crossed manipulations of environmental factors can reveal the causal links between ecological context and selection on floral traits.
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