Treatment of municipal wastewater using laterite-based constructed soil filter

The present study reports the performance of municipal wastewater treatment plant located at Mumbai, India using laterite soil-based constructed soil filter (CSF) system monitored over 17 months. The results indicated increase in dissolved oxygen levels and reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) from 135.4 +/- 79.4 to 28.8 +/- 19.5 mg/L with first order rate constant (K-d) of 0.23 h(-1). The bio-chemical oxygen demand (BOD) reduced from 92 to less than 10 mg/L with K-d of 0.35 h(-1); suspended solids reduction from mean 188 to 12-18 mg/L and turbidity reduction from mean 140 to 5.0 +/- 3.4 NTU The seasonal data.. showed 3.2 +/- 0.9, 2.8 +/- 0.4 and 2.85 +/- 1.0 log order removal for total coliform, fecal coliform and heterotrophic plate count, respectively. The unique features of the system include a single unit, low HRT, high hydraulic loading, no chemicals, pretreatment and mechanical aeration, odor free, low energy requirement (0.04 kWh/m(3)), and green ambience. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.