期刊
ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS
卷 86, 期 -, 页码 86-92出版社
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2012.11.008
关键词
Financial incentives; Social norms; Energy conservation
资金
- National Science Foundation [SES-0345840S, SES-0951516, SES-0720452]
- Divn Of Social and Economic Sciences
- Direct For Social, Behav & Economic Scie [0951516] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
Any solution to rising levels of CO2 depends on human behavior. One common approach to changing human behavior is rewarding desired behavior. Because financial incentives often have side effects that diminish efficacy, we predict that social rewards are more effective, because they invoke adherence to descriptive and injunctive social norms. We investigated this by measuring electricity use for 13 weeks at a Dutch firm. Each week, employees were rewarded for conserving energy. They either received monetary rewards ((sic)0-(sic)5) or social rewards (grade points with a descriptive comment). Rewards were either private or public. In both the short and long term, public rewards outperformed private rewards, and social rewards outperformed monetary rewards. This suggests that private monetary rewards, although popular, may be ineffective. Instead, public social rewards may be a more promising approach to stimulating energy conservation. We argue that this approach should be considered more frequently by policy-makers. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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