期刊
ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS
卷 69, 期 10, 页码 1904-1917出版社
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.03.021
关键词
Energy; Exergy; Economic growth; Energy transition; Energy consumption; Useful work
资金
- Jubilaeumsfond of the Austrian National Bank [11557]
- Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [P21012-G11]
- Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [P 21012] Funding Source: researchfish
- Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [P21012] Funding Source: Austrian Science Fund (FWF)
This paper presents a societal level exergy analysis approach developed to analyse transitions in the way that energy is supplied and contributes to economic growth in the UK, the US, Austria and Japan, throughout the last century. We assess changes in exergy and useful work consumption, energy efficiency and related GDP intensity measures of each economy. The novel data provided elucidate certain characteristics of divergence and commonality in the energy transitions studied. The results indicate that in each country the processes of industrialization, urbanisation and electrification are characterised by a marked increase in exergy and useful work supplies and per capita intensities. There is a common and continuous decrease in the exergy intensity of GDP. Moreover for each country studied the trend of increasing useful work intensity of GDP reversed in the early 1970s coincident with the first oil crisis. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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