期刊
DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS
卷 132, 期 1, 页码 23-35出版社
INTER-RESEARCH
DOI: 10.3354/dao03300
关键词
Ambystoma tigrinum virus; Frog virus 3; Rana aurora; Pseudacris triseriata; Epizootic; Transmission; Bayesian; Experimental
资金
- NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program [DGE 1144083]
- NSF [DEB-1149308]
- NIH [R01GM109499]
- Beverly Sears Graduate Student Research Grant
- CU EBIO Departmental Research Grants
- CU Natural History Museum Grant Program
Multiple pathogens commonly co-occur in animal populations, yet few studies demonstrate how co-exposure of individual hosts scales up to affect transmission. Although viruses in the genus Rana virus are globally widespread, and multiple virus species or strains likely co-occur in nature, no studies have examined how co-exposure affects infection dynamics in larval amphibians. We exposed individual northern red-legged frog Rana aurora larvae to 2 species of ranavirus, namely Ambystoma tigrinum virus (ATV), frog virus 3 (FV3), or an FV3-like strain isolated from a frog-culturing facility in Georgia, USA (RCV-Z2). We compared single-virus to pairwise coexposures while experimentally accounting for dosage. Co-exposure to ATV and FV3-like strains resulted in almost twice as many infected individuals compared to single-virus exposures, suggesting an effect of co-exposure on viral infectivity. The viral load in infected individuals exposed to ATV and FV3 was also higher than the single-dose FV3 treatment, suggesting an effect of coexposure on viral replication. In a follow-up experiment, we examined how the co-occurrence of ATV and FV3 affected epizootics in mesocosm populations of larval western chorus frogs Pseudacris triseriata. Although ATV did not generally establish within host populations (<4 % prevalence), when ATV and FV3 were both present, this co-exposure resulted in a larger epizootic of FV3. Our results emphasize the importance of multi-pathogen interactions in epizootic dynamics and have management implications for natural and commercial amphibian populations.
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