Lipopolysaccharide binding protein, obesity status and incidence of metabolic syndrome: a prospective study among middle-aged and older Chinese

Aims/hypothesis Although microbiota-derived endotoxaemia has previously been shown to induce metabolic disorders, data from population-based longitudinal studies are scarce. This study therefore investigated the associations between lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) levels and 6 year incident metabolic syndrome (MetS), as well as the potentially modifying effects of obesity status in middle-aged and older Chinese men and women. Methods A total of 2,529 men and women aged 50-70 years from Beijing and Shanghai, China, were followed for 6 years. Those free of MetS at baseline (1,312) were included in the analyses for the risk of developing MetS. Baseline plasma LBP was measured using an ELISA kit. Results During the 6 year follow-up, 449 (34.2%) participants developed MetS. Baseline LBP was significantly associated with BMI, waist circumference, blood lipid profile and C-reactive protein (CRP) both at baseline and during follow-up (all p<0.05). The RR for incident MetS comparing extreme quartiles of LBP was 1.28 (95% CI 1.04, 1.58), after multivariate adjustment including BMI and CRP. In stratified analysis, LBP was positively associated with incident MetS only in normal-weight participants (RR, comparing extreme tertiles, 1.59; 95% CI 1.18, 2.15; p (trend) = 0.002), but not in their overweight/obese counterparts (RR, comparing extreme tertiles, 0.99; 95% CI 0.80, 1.22; p (trend) = 0.880). A significant interaction was observed between LBP and obesity status (p (interaction) = 0.013). Conclusions/interpretation Our study suggested that elevated plasma LBP was associated with an increased risk of developing MetS among middle-aged and older Chinese, especially in normal-weight individuals.