Evaluation of the effects of dapagliflozin, a sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor, on hepatic steatosis and fibrosis using transient elastography in patients with type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Aims To investigate the effects of dapagliflozin on liver steatosis and fibrosis evaluated in patients with type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Materials and methods In a randomized, active-controlled, open-label trial, 57 patients with type 2 diabetes and NAFLD were randomized to a dapagliflozin group (5 mg/d; n = 33) or a control group (n = 24) and were treated for 24 weeks. Hepatic steatosis and fibrosis were assessed using transient elastography to measure controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and liver stiffness, respectively. Results Baseline liver stiffness measurement (LSM) was positively correlated with several markers and scoring systems for liver fibrosis. In week 24, there was a significant decrease in CAP from 314 +/- 61 to 290 +/- 73 dB/m (P = 0.0424) in the dapagliflozin group, while there was no significant change in the control group. In addition, LSM tended to decrease from 9.49 +/- 6.05 to 8.01 +/- 5.78 kPa in the dapagliflozin group. In 14 patients from this group with LSM values >= 8.0 kPa, indicating significant liver fibrosis, LSM decreased significantly from 14.7 +/- 5.7 to 11.0 +/- 7.3 kPa (P = 0.0158). Furthermore, serum alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase levels decreased in the dapagliflozin group, but not in the control group, and visceral fat mass was significantly reduced in the dapagliflozin group. Conclusions Based on these findings, the sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor dapagliflozin improves liver steatosis in patients with type 2 diabetes and NAFLD, and attenuates liver fibrosis only in patients with significant liver fibrosis, although the possibility cannot be excluded that a reduction in body weight or visceral adipose tissue by dapagliflozin may be associated with a decrease of liver steatosis or fibrosis.