期刊
DIABETES CARE
卷 38, 期 1, 页码 159-165出版社
AMER DIABETES ASSOC
DOI: 10.2337/dc14-0769
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资金
- FP7-EU consortium grant (MyNewGut)
- Swedish Research Council
- Swedish Diabetes Foundation
- Swedish Heart Lung Foundation
- Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research
- Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation
- Goran Gustafsson Foundation
- Ingabritt and Arne Lundberg's Foundation
- Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation
- Torsten Soderberg's Foundation
- Ragnar Soderberg's Foundation
- Novo Nordisk Foundation
- AFA Insurances
- LUA-ALF from Vastra Gotalandsregionen
- Stockholm County Council
- European Research Council [615362-METABASE]
- VIDI [016.146.327]
- CVON (IN-CONTROL)
The worldwide prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) continues to rise at an alarming pace. Recently the potential role of the gut microbiome in these metabolic disorders has been identified. Obesity is associated with changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota, and the obese microbiome seems to be more efficient in harvesting energy from the diet. Lean male donor fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in males with metabolic syndrome resulted in a significant improvement in insulin sensitivity in conjunction with an increased intestinal microbial diversity, including a distinct increase in butyrate-producing bacterial strains. Such differences in gut microbiota composition might function as early diagnostic markers for the development of T2DM in high-risk patients. Products of intestinal microbes such as butyrate may induce beneficial metabolic effects through enhancement of mitochondrial activity, prevention of metabolic endotoxemia, and activation of intestinal gluconeogenesis via different routes of gene expression and hormone regulation. Future research should focus on whether bacterial products (like butyrate) have the same effects as the intestinal bacteria that produce it, in order to ultimately pave the way for more successful interventions for obesity and T2DM. The rapid development of the currently available techniques, including use of fecal transplantations, has already shown promising results, so there is hope for novel therapies based on the microbiota in the future.
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