期刊
DEVELOPMENT GROWTH & DIFFERENTIATION
卷 54, 期 4, 页码 519-534出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-169X.2012.01352.x
关键词
3'UTR motif; ARE2 sites; leech; mRNA localization; stem-loop structure; teloplasm
资金
- NSF-REU DBI [0354149]
- NIH/SCORE [2SO6 GM 008192]
- NIH ARRA [3S06GM008192-27S1]
- Div Of Biological Infrastructure
- Direct For Biological Sciences [1004350] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
The early localization of mRNA transcripts is critical in sorting cell fate determinants in the developing embryo. In the glossiphoniid leech, Helobdella robusta, maternal mRNAs, such as Hro-twist, localize to the zygotic teloplasm. Ten seven nucleotide repeat elements (AAUAAUA) called ARE2 and a predicted secondary structural motif, called teloplasm localization motif (TLM), are present in the 3'UTR of Hro-twist mRNA. We used site-directed mutagenesis, deletions, and microinjection of labeled, exogenous transcripts to determine if ARE2 elements, and the TLM, play a role in Hro-twist mRNA localization. Deleting the poly-A tail and the cytoplasmic polyadenylation element (CPE) had no effect on Hro-twist mRNA localization. Site-directed mutagenesis of nucleotides that altered ARE2 element sequences or the TLM suggest that the ARE2 elements and the TLM are important for Hro-twist mRNA localization to the teloplasm of pre-cleavage zygotes. Hro-Twist protein expression data suggest that the localization of Hro-twist transcripts in zygotes and stage two embryos is not involved in ensuring mesoderm specification, as Hro-Twist protein is expressed uniformly in most cells before gastrulation. Our data may support a shared molecular mechanism for leech transcripts that localize to the teloplasm.
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