期刊
DEVELOPMENT
卷 145, 期 19, 页码 -出版社
COMPANY BIOLOGISTS LTD
DOI: 10.1242/dev.161281
关键词
Biomechanics; Tissue architecture; Tissue mechanics; Cellular foam; Germ layers; Extracellular matrix; Cell cycle; Actin cross-linkers; Actomyosin; Morphogenesis; Dissociation; Centrifugation
资金
- National Institutes of Health (NIH) [R01 HD044750, R21 ES019259]
- National Science Foundation (NSF) [CAREER IOS-0845775, CMMI-1100515]
- NIH Biomechanics in Regenerative Medicine Training Grant (BiRM) [T32 EB003392]
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Foundation
- EUNICE KENNEDY SHRIVER NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT [R01HD044750] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF BIOMEDICAL IMAGING AND BIOENGINEERING [T32EB003392] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES [R21ES019259] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
The large-scale movements that construct complex three-dimensional tissues during development are governed by universal physical principles. Fine-grained control of both mechanical properties and force production is crucial to the successful placement of tissues and shaping of organs. Embryos of the frog Xenopus laevis provide a dramatic example of these physical processes, as dorsal tissues increase in Young's modulus by six-fold to 80 Pascal over 8 h as germ layers and the central nervous system are formed. These physical changes coincide with emergence of complex anatomical structures, rounds of cell division, and cytoskeletal remodeling. To understand the contribution of these diverse structures, we adopt the cellular solids model to relate bulk stiffness of a solid foam to the unit size of individual cells, their microstructural organization, and their material properties. Our results indicate that large-scale tissue architecture and cell size are not likely to influence the bulk mechanical properties of early embryonic or progenitor tissues but that F-actin cortical density and composition of the F-actin cortex play major roles in regulating the physical mechanics of embryonic multicellular tissues.
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