Effect of silver loaded sodium zirconium phosphate (nanoAgZ) nanoparticles incorporation on PES membrane performance

Polyethersulfone (PES) based ultrafiltration membranes were fabricated via phase inversion by adding silver-loaded sodium zirconium phosphate nanoparticles (nanoAgZ) in PES casting solutions. The effect of nanoAgZ concentration on the membrane performance, i.e., morphology, hydrophilicity, thermal stability, permeation and antifouling properties was investigated. The results of thermal gravitational analysis (TGA) showed that the thermal stability of the hybrid membrane had been improved by the addition of nanoAgZ particles. Contact angle results indicated that the hydrophilicity of the modified membranes was enhanced. The contact angle of the membrane decreased from 71.5 degrees to 52.6 degrees with the increase of the nanoparticle content in the casting solution. Permeation experiment results showed that the modified PES membranes demonstrate better separation performance over the pure PES membrane. The pure water flux of PES membrane increased from 82.1 L/m(2) h to 100.6 L/m(2) h with the addition of the nanoparticles. Most importantly, the incorporation of the nanoAgZ particles enhanced the BSA fouling resistance and also the anti-biofouling performance of the membrane. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.