α-Borylcarbonyl compounds: from transient intermediates to robust building blocks

alpha-Borylcarbonyl species (C-bound boron enolates) are typically unstable due to their kinetic and thermodynamically favourable rearrangement to their O-bound isomers. Direct evidence of alpha-borylcarbonyl compounds is sparse despite the multitude of transformations in which they have been implicated as reactive intermediates. In recent years, a few examples have emerged of reactive alpha-borylcarbonyl intermediates that can be observed using spectroscopic methods. Other reports have shown that certain compounds containing the alpha-borylcarbonyl motif can be isolated under ambient conditions. Installation of electron-rich, tetracoordinate sp(3)-boron centers is a particularly viable strategy to improve the stability of alpha-borylcarbonyl systems as it imposes a barrier to the otherwise rapid 1,3-boron shift from carbon to oxygen. Among stable alpha-borylcarbonyl compounds, alpha-boryl aldehydes, equipped with a tetracoordinated N-methyliminodiacetyl (MIDA) boryl group, have been demonstrated to be versatile building blocks in the synthesis of a wide range of functionalized organoboron compounds.