Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand as an independent predictor of mortality in hemodialysis patents

Background: Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) was originally isolated as an inducer of apoptosis in transformed cells. In addition to tumor surveillance, recent findings suggest that TRAIL and its receptor system have a protective role against infection and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Patients undergoing hemodialysis have a high mortality rate with a unique risk factor profile. Considering that the leading causes of death in these patients are infection and CVD, TRAIL represents an attractive candidate for predicting mortality in this population. We therefore investigated whether TRAIL predicted mortality in hemodialysis patients. Methods: The study was a retrospective observational cohort design of 45-month duration in 149 male hemodialysis patients. The subjects were divided into two groups according to their baseline TRAIL level measured by ELISA (low or high TRAIL group). The main outcome was all-cause mortality. Results: During the follow-up period, 33 patients died, mostly because of CVD (n = 11) or infection (n = 9). Crude survival analyses showed that a low TRAIL level was a powerful predictor of all-cause (p = 0.011) and infectious mortality (p = 0.048). The predictive power of TRAIL remained after adjustment for various confounding factors. Conclusions: The serum TRAIL level may be a novel biomarker for predicting prognosis in hemodialysis patients. (C)0 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.