期刊
CURRENT OPINION IN STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY
卷 24, 期 -, 页码 106-114出版社
CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2014.01.001
关键词
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资金
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute [52006931]
- National Institutes of Health [P20GM103500, R01GM108888]
- National Science Foundation EPSCoR [EPS-110134]
- M.J. Murdock Charitable Trust
- Montana State University Agricultural Experimental Station
Helicases utilize NTPs to modulate their binding to nucleic acids and many of these enzymes also unwind DNA or RNA duplexes in an NTP-dependent fashion. These proteins are phylogeneticaliy related but functionally diverse, with essential roles in virtually all aspects of nucleic acid metabolism. A new class of helicases associated with RNA-guided adaptive immune systems in bacteria and archaea has recently been identified. Prokaryotes acquire resistance to invading genetic parasites by integrating short fragments of foreign nucleic acids into repetitive loci in the host chromosome known as CRISPRs (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats). CRISPR-associated gene 3 (cas3) encodes a conserved helicase protein that is essential for phage defense. Here we review recent advances in Cas3 biology, and provide a new phylogenetic framework that positions Cas3 in the helicase family tree. We anticipate that this Cas3 phylogeny will guide future biochemical and structural studies.
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