New generation antipsychotic drugs and compliance behaviour

Purpose of review Antipsychotic therapy has been eclipsed by high rates of noncompliance; the problem was attributed to a lack of efficacy and the burden of side effects of neuroleptics. This review sought to examine whether the arrival of second generation (atypical) antipsychotic drugs with low side-effect liability and improved efficacy has helped to positively reinforce compliance behaviour among people treated for schizophrenia. Recent findings The number of studies that systematically examined compliance behaviour and its determinants during antipsychotic drug therapy is disappointingly low. A review of relevant clinical trials, drug dispensation databases and observational studies yielded equivocal results. The data have failed to substantiate the notion that novel antipsychotic drug use leads to improved medication compliance and favourable clinical outcomes. Summary A decade of clinical experience and research indicates that compliance behaviour has only marginally improved since the introduction of second generation antipsychotic drugs. Noncompliance in schizophrenia is a complex maladaptive pattern of behaviour determined by personal beliefs, illness-related factors, social attributes and health system variables. The reinforcing value of antipsychotic drugs may be less relevant in enhancing treatment compliance and influencing the natural history of schizophrenia.