G-protein-coupled receptors as fat sensors

Purpose of review It has been demonstrated that fatty acids (FAs) are physiological ligands of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPRs). Activation of the GPRs (40, 41, 43, 84, 119 and 120) by FAs or synthetic agonists modulates several responses. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge on the actions of FA-activated GPRs and their relevance in normal and pathological conditions. Recent findings Studies have shown that FA-activated GPRs modulate hormone secretion (incretin, insulin and glucagon), activation of leukocytes and several aspects of metabolism. Summary Understanding GPR actions and their involvement in the development of insulin-resistance, beta-cell failure, dyslipidemia and inflammation associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases is important for the comprehension of the mechanisms underlying these pathological conditions and for the establishment of new and effective interventions.