期刊
CURRENT MOLECULAR MEDICINE
卷 13, 期 10, 页码 1538-1548出版社
BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD
DOI: 10.2174/1566524013666131111121325
关键词
CXCR4; cancer; chemokine; chemokine receptor; metastasis; molecular imaging; positron emission tomography (PET)
资金
- University of Wisconsin - Madison
- National Institutes of Health [NIBIB/NCI 1R01CA169365]
- Department of Defense [W81XWH-11-1-0644]
- American Cancer Society [RSG-13-099-01-CCE]
CXCR4 has gained tremendous attention over the last decade, since it was found to be up-regulated in a wide variety of cancer types, in addition to its role in human immunodeficiency virus infection. Molecular imaging of CXCR4 with small molecules, peptides, and antibodies has been a vibrant research area over the last several years. In this review article, we will summarize the current status of imaging CXCR4 with fluorescence, bioluminescence, positron emission tomography, and single-photon emission computed tomography techniques. Since each molecular imaging modality has its own strengths and weaknesses, dual-modality probes that can be detected by more than one imaging techniques have also been investigated. Noninvasive visualization of CXCR4 expression has potential clinical applications in multiple facets of patient management. While big strides have been made over the last several years in the development of CXCR4-targeted imaging probes, clinical translation and investigation of these agents in cancer patients are eagerly awaited. Since CXCR4 is also involved in many other diseases beyond cancer, these clinically translatable probes can also play multiple roles in other pathological disorders such as myocardial infarction and several immunodeficiency disorders.
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