Producing nanotubes of biocompatible hydroxyapatite by continuous hydrothermal synthesis

This study describes the facile, controllable production of nano-hydroxyapatite (HA), with sheet, rod, or tube morphology, using a continuous-flow hydrothermal reactor. We also demonstrate the synthesis of parascholzite, a mineral rarely described, using the same reactor. Cell viability assays show that HA generated in our reactor have no cytotoxic effects on mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC).