Hydrothermal synthesis of rutile TiO2 with hierarchical microspheres and their characterization

Novel rutile TiO2 films with primary microspheres and secondary nanospheres have been deposited on glass substrates via a hydrothermal process by using titanium(IV) butoxide in the presence of toluene and IICl at 160 degrees C and time period varying from 4 to 8 h. The TiO2 films were characterized using XRD, SEM, FT-Raman, etc. techniques.