Recent Developments of Extraction and Micro-extraction Technologies with Porous Monoliths

Porous monoliths are widely used as stationary phase in high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrochromatography due to their simple preparation, versatile surface chemistries, high reproducibility, and fast mass transport. In recent years, porous monoliths were also used as sorbents in sample preparation and impressive achievements have been obtained. This review focuses on all facets of extraction technologies based on porous monoliths. Cartridge-based solid-phase extraction (SPE), CIM-based SPE, in-tube solid-phase micro extraction (SPME), fiber-based SPME, chip-based micro extraction, tip-based micro extraction, stir bar sorptive extraction, and monolithic spin column micro-extraction are presented and discussed with regards to these emerging roles.