4.6 Article

Prevalence and Impact of Active and Passive Cigarette Smoking in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

期刊

CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
卷 42, 期 9, 页码 2058-2068

出版社

LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000000418

关键词

4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol; acute respiratory distress syndrome; cigarette smoking; lung injury; mortality

资金

  1. Albert Einstein College of Medicine Institute of Clinical and Translational Research [8KL2TR0000088-05]
  2. National Institute on Aging (NIA) National Institutes of Health (NIH) [8KL2TR0000088-05, 1R03AG040673GEMSSTAR]
  3. Einstein-Montefiore Clinical and Translational Science Awards [1 UL1 TR001073-01, 1 TL1 TR001072-01, 1 KL2 TR001071-01]
  4. NIH [DA12393, HL090833, HL110969, UL1 RR024131]
  5. University of California
  6. San Francisco Comprehensive Cancer Center
  7. Flight Attendants Medical Research Institute
  8. GlaxoSmithKline
  9. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network) [N01-HR-56165-56713, HL51856]
  10. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
  11. NHLBI
  12. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services [HHSN268200536165C, HHSN268200536166C, HHSN268200536167C, HHSN268200536168C]
  13. Flight Attendant Medical Research Institute
  14. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. [1 UL1 TR001073-01, 1 TL1 TR001072-01, 1 KL2 TR001071-01, HHSN268200536169C, HHSN268200536170C, HHSN268200536171C, HHSN268200536172C, HHSN268200536173C, HHSN268200536174C, HHSN268200536175C, HHSN268200536176C, HHSN268200536179C]

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Objectives: Cigarette smoke exposure has recently been found to be associated with increased susceptibility to trauma-and transfusion-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome. We sought to determine 1) the incidence of cigarette smoke exposure in a diverse multicenter sample of acute respiratory distress syndrome patients and 2) whether cigarette smoke exposure is associated with severity of lung injury and mortality in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Design: Analysis of the Albuterol for the Treatment of Acute Lung Injury and Omega Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network studies. Setting: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network hospitals. Patients: Three hundred eighty-one patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: 4-(Methylnitrosamino)1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol, a validated tobacco-specific marker, was measured in urine samples from subjects enrolled in two National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network randomized controlled trials. Urine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol levels were consistent with active smoking in 36% of acute respiratory distress syndrome patients and with passive smoking in 41% of nonsmokers (vs 20% and 40% in general population, respectively). Patients with 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol levels in the active smoking range were younger and had a higher incidence of alcohol misuse, fewer comorbidities, lower severity of illness, and less septic shock at enrollment compared with patients with undetectable 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol levels. Despite this lower severity of illness, the severity of lung injury did not significantly differ based on biomarker-determined smoking status. Cigarette smoke exposure was not significantly associated with death after adjusting for differences in age, alcohol use, comorbidities, and severity of illness. Conclusions: In this first multicenter study of biomarker-determined cigarette smoke exposure in acute respiratory distress syndrome patients, we found that active cigarette smoke exposure was significantly more prevalent among acute respiratory distress syndrome patients compared to population averages. Despite their younger age, better overall health, and lower severity of illness, smokers by 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol had similar severity of lung injury as patients with undetectable 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol. These findings suggest that active cigarette smoking may increase susceptibility to acute respiratory distress syndrome in younger, healthier patients.

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