4.5 Article

Satellite-derived coastal ocean and estuarine salinity in the Mid-Atlantic

期刊

CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH
卷 63, 期 -, 页码 S235-S242

出版社

PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.csr.2011.12.001

关键词

Salinity; Mid-Atlantic Bight; Remote sensing; Coastal salinity; Ocean color

资金

  1. NASA Biodiversity [NNG06GH75G1/3]
  2. NASA New Investigator Program [NNH07ZDA001N]
  3. NASA Delaware Space Grant
  4. NOAA IOOS Office (MARCOOS Grant) [NA01NOS4730014, NA07NOS4730221]

向作者/读者索取更多资源

Coastal salinity is a basic oceanographic property that is not routinely estimated by satellites. Efforts to measure ocean salinity from space are designed for large scale open ocean environments, not coastal regions. In the Mid-Atlantic coastal ocean, salinity is critical for understanding circulation patterns, river plumes, and transport, which in turn impact the status of the ecosystem. However, the spatial and temporal coverage of in situ salinity measurements in this region are sparse and do not synoptically capture salinity in the coastal ocean. We compiled similar to 2 million salinity records from four regional research vessels between the years 2003-2008 and found similar to 9 thousand salinity records that could be adequately matched to MODIS-Aqua data. We show that the spectral shape of water-leaving radiance and sea surface temperature are most correlated with in situ salinity. Four neural network models designed to predict salinity were developed for the Mid-Atlantic coastal region and three of its major estuaries (Hudson, Delaware, and Chesapeake). Our models predict salinity with RMS errors between 1.40 psu and 2.29 psu, which are much less than the null model ranges (4.87-10.08 psu) and the natural range of the system (0-32 psu). Seasonal climatologies for the Chesapeake, Delaware, and Mid-Atlantic regions based on these models are fresher than the existing NODC climatologies. We also found significant freshening trends in the Mid-Atlantic over a 6 year period. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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