The green mixed fleet vehicle routing problem with partial battery recharging and time windows

This work presents a new variant of the Green Vehicle Routing Problem with time windows. We propose an iterative local search heuristic to optimize the routing of a mixed vehicle fleet, composed of electric and conventional (internal combustion engine) vehicles. Since the batteries of electric vehicles have a limited autonomy of the battery, we consider the possibility of recharging partially at any of the available stations. In addition, we explicitly take into account a limitation on the polluting emissions for the conventional vehicles. The behaviour of the proposed approach is evaluated empirically on a large set of test instances. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.