期刊
COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES
卷 70, 期 -, 页码 96-109出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.cageo.2014.05.004
关键词
Alpine basins classification; Rainfall triggering thresholds; Weather radar; Open source GIS tools; Western Italian Alps
资金
- PARAmount project of the Alpine Space Programme of the European Union [2-2-2-AT]
- Italian National Civil Protection Department (Rome, Italy)
Debris flows, responsible for economic losses and occasionally casualties in the alpine region, are mainly triggered by heavy rains characterized by hourly peaks of varying intensity, depending on the features of the basin under consideration. By integrating a recent classification of alpine basins with the radar storm tracking method, an innovative early warning system called DEFENSE (DEbris Flows triggEred by storms - Nowcasting SystEm) was developed using a Geographical Information System (GIS). Alpine catchments were classified into three main classes based on the weathering capacity of the bedrock into clay or clay-like minerals, the amount of which, in unconsolidated material, directly influences the debris flow rheology, and thus the sedimentary processes, the alluvial fan architecture, as well as the triggering frequency and seasonal occurrence probability of debris flows. Storms were identified and tracked by processing weather radar observations; subsequently, rainfall intensities and storm severity were estimated over each classified basin. Due to rainfall threshold values determined for each basin class, based on statistical analysis of historical records, an automatic corresponding warning could be issued to municipalities. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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