Towards effective video annotation: An approach to automatically link notes with video content

The characteristics of annotations, such as highlighting, context-based notes, and organization are difficult to translate from the traditional paper-based medium to the digital format. An added challenge is how to facilitate annotations on a digital video in a collaborative distance learning environment. To explore issues in video annotation, we developed a tool called Interactive Shared Education Environment (ISEE). ISEE automatically generates hyperlinked timestamps, which we called Smartlinks, to associate the notes with their video contents. A usability study with 59 participants, following up by a small-scale eye-tracking study, was conducted to explore users' video note-taking behaviors and to examine the effect of the new Smartlink design. Our results showed that participants with Smartlink took fewer notes, focused less on video controls and more on video content than those without Smartlink. We believe the main benefit of Smartlink is that it may offload non-learning related cognitive loads and allow users to take better notes. Findings from this study on users' video annotation behaviors shed light on the future design of video annotation systems in both individual and collaborative environments. (c) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.