Brain-Computer Interface Operation of Robotic and Prosthetic Devices

Brain activity produces electrical signals detectable on the scalp or cortical surface or within the brain. BCIs translate these signals from mere reflections of brain activity into outputs that communicate the user's intent without the participation of peripheral nerves and muscles. Because they don't depend on neuromuscular control, BCIs can provide communication and control for people with devastating neuromuscular disorders. BCI research and development aims to enable these users, who might be unable even to breathe or move their eyes, to convey their wishes to caregivers, use word-processing programs and other software, or control a robotic arm or a neuroprosthesis.