期刊
COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE
卷 50, 期 12, 页码 3315-3322出版社
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.commatsci.2011.06.023
关键词
Additive Layer Manufacturing; Thermo-mechanical analysis; Lagrangian model; Eulerian model; Residual stress; Distortion
资金
- EPSRC, UK
Wire and Arc Additive Layer Manufacturing (WAALM) is gaining increasing popularity as the process allows the production of large custom-made metal workpieces with high deposition rates. The high power input of the welding process, causes significant residual stress and distortion of the workpiece. This paper describes the thermo-mechanical behaviour of the multi-layer wall structure made by the WAALM process. A 3D thermo-elastic-plastic transient model and a model based on an advanced steady-state thermal analysis are employed in this study. This modelling approach shows a significant advantage with respect to the computational time. The temperature simulations and distortion predictions are verified by comparing with the experimental results from thermo-couples and laser scanners, while the residual stresses are verified with the neutron diffraction strain scanner ENGIN-X. The stress across the deposited wall is found uniform with very little influence of the preceding layers on the following layers. The stress redistributed after unclamping with a much lower value at the top of the wall than at the interface due to the bending distortion of the sample. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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