期刊
JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
卷 58, 期 6, 页码 2703-2717出版社
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/jm501889t
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资金
- German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) [Gm 13/10, GRK 1910]
The development of biased (functionally selective) ligands Provides a formidable challenge in medicinal chemistry. In an effort to learn to design functionally selective molecular tools for the highly therapeutically relevant dopamine D-2 receptor, we synthesized a collection of agonists based on structurally distinct head groups derived from canonical or atypical dopaminergic pharmacophores. The test compounds feature a long lipophilic appendage that was shown to mediate biased signaling. By employing functional assays and molecular dynamics simulations, we could show that atypical dopamine surrogates of type 1 and 2 promote biased signaling, while ligands built from classical dopaminergic head groups (type 3 and 4) typically elicit more balanced signaling profiles. Besides this, we found a strong influence of the stereochemistry of type 4 aminotetraline-derived agonists on functional selectivity at D-2 receptors. Whereas the (S)-enantiomer behaved as a full agonist, the biased ligand (R)-4 induced poor G protein coupling but substantial beta-arrestin recruitment.
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