期刊
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
卷 159, 期 1, 页码 438-447出版社
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.combustflame.2011.07.009
关键词
Hypergolic propellant; Monomethylhydrazine; Nitric acid; Pre-ignition reaction
类别
资金
- US Army Research Laboratory
- US Army Research Office [W911NF-08-1-0124]
The hypergolic interactions between monomethylhydrazine (MMH, CH3NHNH2) and various forms of nitric acid were studied by several different experimental techniques. High-speed videos were acquired to visualize the pre-ignition, ignition and post-ignition events when a fuel drop impinged on a pool of nitric acid. A three-stage process was identified in the temperature profiles obtained from drop tests using Al2O3 coated fine-wire thermocouples placed in both the liquid-phase and gas-phase regions. The temperature rose rapidly from ambient levels to the boiling point in the first stage, from the boiling point to 280 degrees C relatively slowly in the second stage and from 280 degrees C to a flame temperature very rapidly in the third stage. The gaseous species evolved from reactions between MMH and nitric acid in these three stages were probed by a confined-interaction setup, in conjunction with rapid-scan Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ToFMS). The first stage involved liquid-phase reactions which formed the ionic compound monomethylhydrazinium nitrate (MMH center dot HNO3), as well as oxidation products methyl nitrate (CH3ONO2), methyl azide (CH3N3), N2O, H2O and N-2. The second stage involved the formation of an aerosol cloud which was mainly composed of monomethylhydrazinium nitrate. The third stage involved rapid gas-phase reactions leading to ignition. These third-stage reactions were initiated by the thermal decomposition of nitric acid, and the identified species in this stage include H2O, HONO, CH3ONO2, CH3ONO, CH3N3, CH3OH, CH3NH2, CH4, N2O, NO, N-2, and small amounts of HNCO, NH3, HCN and CO2. Some important pre-ignition reactions are proposed for both liquid and gas phases. (C) 2011 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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