Management of iatrogenic recto-urethral fistula by transanal rectal flap advancement

Aim Recto-urethral fistulas are an uncommon, but devastating complication following rectal or urinary tract surgery. Repair is often difficult, and the optimal approach is unclear. We report our recent experience using an endorectal advancement flap. Method A case note review of all patients undergoing repair of recto-urethral fistula in our institution was undertaken. Data on aetiology of the fistula, patient demographics, operative procedure and outcome both clinically and radiologically were extracted. Results Between 2002 and 2008, six transanal rectal advancement flaps in five patients were carried out. Four had undergone a laparoscopic radical prostatectomy, without any radiotherapy. Two types of fistula (type 1 associated with severe intra-abdominal sepsis and type 2 associated with localized sepsis) were found, with faecal diversion being less likely with the latter. Four (80%) patients underwent successful primary repair, with one patient requiring a second procedure. Postoperative cystography confirmed closure of the fistula in all five patients, and no recurrence has been observed at a mean follow-up time of 11 months. Conclusion Rectal advancement flap is a simple, effective technique for iatrogenic recto-urethral fistula with minimal morbidity.