Patterned poly(lactic acid) films support growth and spontaneous multilineage gene expression of adipose-derived stem cells

Conventional culture surfaces do not provide optimal environmental cues for expansion or differentiation of adult stem cells. Aiming to increase the efficiency of the in vitro culture conditions, biocompatible and biodegradable biomaterials such as poly(lactic acid) (PLA) have been proposed to engineer the stem cell microenvironment. In this study, we explored the feasibility of using PLA substrates to control the responses of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs). The substrates consisted of flat and patterned PLA films fabricated by casting a chloroform-PLA solution on a glass surface. Patterning was achieved through the condensation of nano-sized water droplets during chloroform evaporation, which resulted in films displaying irregularly distributed circular indentations with a mean diameter of 248 +/- 65 nm. Both types of PLA substrates were assessed for protein adsorption using fibronectin and in vitro cell culturing. Tissue-culture polystyrene (TCPS) plates were used as control surfaces. The experiments demonstrated that the patterned PLA substrates had a significantly higher fibronectin adsorption capacity when compared with the flat counterparts. For the entire duration of the culture period, there was no significant difference in cell growth rate on the PLA surfaces with respect to TCPS despite signs of reduced adhesion. In addition, the semi-quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis of a set of 14 lineage-specific genes revealed that the PLA-related transcriptional activity significantly surpassed that of TCPS. Remarkably, when assessing the effect of patterning, the patterned films proved superior regarding the activation of genes involved in the skeletal myogenic, cardiomyogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic pathways. Taken together, our data provide evidence that the surface patterning can exert such an influence on the stem cell microenvironment that the differentiation process can be effectively modulated. Consequently, the patterned PLA surfaces could potentially be used as a platform for localized delivery and engraftment of stem cells. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.