Highly viscoelastic reverse worm-like micelles formed in a lecithin/urea/oil system

While lecithin alone can form spherical or ellipsoidal reverse micelles in oil, we found that urea can promote the growth of lecithin reverse worm-like micelles in oil. In a mixed system of urea and lecithin, the urea binds to the phosphate group of lecithin, thus reducing the interface curvature of the molecular assembly and inducing the formation of reverse worm-like micelles. The regions in which these micelles form increased with lecithin concentration. In addition, the zero-shear viscosity (eta (0)) of the reverse worm-like micelles rapidly increased upon the addition of urea, reaching a maximum of 2 million times the viscosity of n-decane. We examined the change in eta (0) in detail by performing dynamic viscoelasticity measurements. Values for eta (0) increased with urea concentration because the disentanglement time of reverse worm-like micelles increased with micellar growth.