Probability distribution of individual wave overtopping volumes for smooth impermeable steep slopes with low crest freeboards

Several studies showed that the probability distribution of the wave-by-wave (individual) overtopping volumes of traditional sea defense structures is described by a Weibull distribution with a shape factor b = 0.75. Those structures typically feature relatively large crest freeboards. For the particular design applications of overtopping wave energy converters and smooth dikes in severe storm conditions, knowledge is required on the probability distribution of the individual overtopping volumes of smooth structures with relatively low crest freeboards. This study contributes to a better knowledge on that distribution by analyzing the individual overtopping volumes obtained from new experiments on smooth structures with relatively small crest freeboards (0.10