Endoscopic Treatment of Gastric Varices

Gastric varices (GV) are present in one in 5 patients with portal hypertension and variceal bleeding. GV bleeds tend to be more severe with higher mortality. High index of suspicion, early detection and proper locational diagnosis are important. An algorithmic approach to the management of GV bleeding prevents rebleeds and improves survival. Vasoactive drugs should be started with in 30 minutes (door to needle time) and early endotherapy be done. Cyanoacrylate injection in experienced hands achieves hemostasis in >90% patients. A repeat session is sometimes needed for complete obturation of GV. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt and balloon retrograde transvenous obliteration are effective rescue options. Secondary prophylaxis of GV bleeding is done with beta-blocker and endotherapy.