期刊
CLINICS IN CHEST MEDICINE
卷 35, 期 1, 页码 17-+出版社
W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2013.09.011
关键词
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Risk factors; Environmental; Tobacco smoking; Biomass smoke
The development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is multifactorial, and the risk factors include both genetic and environmental factors. Although tobacco smoking is an established risk factor for COPD, many other associated factors remain underappreciated or neglected. Up to 50% of cases of CORD can be attributed to nonsmoking risk factors. This article describes the role of tobacco smoking and the various environmental risk factors associated with the development of CORD.
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