Small solid renal masses: Characterization by diffusion-weighted MRI at 3 T

AIM: To describe the appearance of small solid renal lesions (<= 3 cm) on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to determine whether ADC measurements may help to differentiate benign from malignant small solid renal masses. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Thirty-five patients with 47 small renal masses (23 malignant, 24 benign) who underwent 3 T MRI of the kidney using diffusion-weighted sequences (b values of 0 and 1000 s/mm(2)) were retrospectively evaluated. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of diffusion-weighted images was performed. RESULTS: Most lesions were hyperintense to kidney on high b-value diffusion-weighted images and hypointense on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map. The mean ADC of the lesions was significantly lower than that of kidney (1.22 +/- 0.3 versus 1.85 +/- 0.12 mm(2)/s; p < 0.005). The mean ADC was significantly different between renal cell carcinomas (1.2 +/- 0.01 mm(2)/s), metastases (1.25 +/- 0.04 mm(2)/s), angiomyolipoma (1.07 +/- 0.3 mm(2)/s) and oncocytomas (1.56 +/- 0.08 mm(2)/s; p < 0.05). The mean ADC of clear cell renal cell carcinomas was significantly different from that of non-clear cell renal cell carcinomas (1.38 +/- 0.34 versus 0.83 +/- 0.34 mm(2)/s; p < 0.005). No significant difference was found between mean ADC of fat containing and minimal fat angiomyolipomas (1.06 +/- 0.48 versus 1.11 +/- 0.33 mm(2)/s). CONCLUSION: Small solid renal masses are hyperintense on high b value and have different ADC values. (C) 2013 The Royal College of Radiologists. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.