The Effects of Polypharmacy in Older Adults

An assessment of the safety and efficacy of multiple medications in older adults requires clinically relevant objective outcomes and pharmacological measures of medication exposure. Important outcomes include geriatric syndromes and objective measures of physical function. Measurements of medication exposure have evolved from merely counting the drugs to a consideration of pharmacologic principles such as drug class, dose response, and maximal effect. Emerging evidence regarding the effects of cumulative medication exposure on functions critical for independence may provide guidance for prescribers.