Switching from Calcineurin Inhibitor-based Regimens to a Belatacept-based Regimen in Renal Transplant Recipients: A Randomized Phase II Study

Background and objectives Prolonged use of calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) in kidney transplant recipients is associated with renal and nonrenal toxicity and an increase in cardiovascular risk factors. Belatacept-based regimens may provide a treatment option for patients who switch from CNI-based maintenance immunosuppression. Design, setting, participants, & measurements This is a randomized, open-label Phase IT trial in renal transplant patients with stable graft function and receiving a CNI-based regimen. Patients who were months but months after transplantation were randomized to either switch to belatacept or continue CNI treatment. All patients received background maintenance immunosuppression. The primary end point was the change in calculated GFR (cGFR) from baseline to month 12. Results Patients were randomized either to switch to belatacept (n = 84) or to remain on a CNI-based regimen (n = 89). At month 12, the mean (SD) change from baseline in cGFR was higher in the belatacept group versus the CNI group. Six patients in the belatacept group had acute rejection episodes, all within the first 6 months; all resolved with no allograft loss. By month 12, one patient in the CNI group died with a functioning graft, whereas no patients in the belatacept group had graft loss. The overall safety profile was similar between groups. Conclusions The study identifies a potentially safe and feasible method for switching stable renal transplant patients from a cyclosporine- or tacrolimus-based regimen to a belatacept-based regimen, which may allow improved renal function in patients currently treated with CNIs. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 6: 430-439, 2011. doi: 10.2215/CJN.05840710