期刊
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE
卷 57, 期 4, 页码 407-416出版社
WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH
DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2018-0379
关键词
analytical methodologies; cancer biomarker; glycomics; glycosylation
资金
- Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality [15JC1404100, 17JC1404500]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [81271925]
- National Cancer Institute [1R01 CA160254, 1R01 CA154455, U01CA225753]
- National Institutes of Health [R01 GM 49500]
Glycosylation is among the most important post-translational modifications for proteins and is of intrinsic complex character compared with DNAs and naked proteins. Indeed, over 50%-70% of proteins in circulation are glycosylated, and the sweet attachments have versatile structural and functional implications. Both the configuration and composition of the attached glycans affect the biological activities of consensus proteins significantly. Glycosylation is generated by complex biosynthetic pathways comprising hundreds of glycosyltransferases, glycosidases, transcriptional factors, transporters and the protein backbone. In addition, lack of direct genetic templates and glyco-specific antibodies such as those commonly used in DNA amplification and protein capture makes research on glycans and glycoproteins even more difficult, thus resulting in sparse knowledge on the pathophysiological implications of glycosylation. Fortunately, cutting-edge technologies have afforded new opportunities and approaches for investigating cancer-related glycosylation. Thus, glycans as well as aberrantly glycosylated protein-based cancer biomarkers have been increasingly recognized. This mini-review highlights the most recent developments in glyco-biomarker studies in an effort to discover clinically relevant cancer biomarkers using advanced analytical methodologies such as mass spectrometry, high-performance liquid chromatographic/ultra-performance liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, and lectin-based technologies. Recent clinical-centered glycobiological studies focused on determining the regulatory mechanisms and the relation with diagnostics, prognostics and even therapeutics are also summarized. These studies indicate that glycomics is a treasure waiting to be mined where the growth of cancer-related glycomics and glycoproteomics is the next great challenge after genomics and proteomics.
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