HDL 2 Particles are associated with hyperglycaemia, lower PON1 activity and oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Objectives: In this study we examined the relationship of oxidative stress and hyperglycaemia to antioxidative capacity of high-density cholesterol (HDL-C) particles in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Design and methods: Oxidative stress status parameters (superoxide anion (O-2(-)), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and paraoxonase (PON1) status were assessed in 114 patients with type 2 DM and 91 healthy subjects. HDL particle diameters were determined by non-denaturing polyacrylamide gradient (3-31%) gel electrophoresis. Results: Patients had significantly higher concentrations of oxidative stress parameter O-2(-)(p<0.001) and antioxidative defence, SOD activity (p<0.001). Paraoxonase activity was significantly lower in diabetics (p<0.001). The PON1(192) phenotype distribution among study groups was not significantly different. HDL 3 phenotype was significantly prevalent among patients (p<0.001). Paraoxonase activity was significantly lower in patients with predominantly HDL 2 particles than in controls. Conclusions: The results of our current study indicate that the diabetic HDL 2 phenotype is associated with hyperglycaemia, lower PON1 activity and elevated oxidative stress. (C) 2010 The Canadian Society of Clinical Chemists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.