The Functional Changes of the Perivascular Adipose Tissue in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats and the Effects of Atorvastatin Therapy

The aim of this study was to examine the function of perivascular adiposa tissue (PVAT) on vascular relaxation response in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and the modulatory effects of the atorvastatin therapy on the PVAT functions. We investigated the mechanisms of the perivascular adipocyte-derived relaxation factor (PVRF) by using isolated rat's aortic rings and isometric contraction measurements. We found that contraction of the thoracic aorta induced by phenylephrine was significantly attenuated in the presence of PVAT from normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY group) or the spontaneously hypertensive rats treated with atorvastatin (SHR-A group, atorvastatin 50mg/kg/day), whereas this effect was not observed in the thoracic aortic rings from the control SHR (SHR group). Transferring the solution incubated with PVAT-intact thoracic aorta to PVAT-free thoracic aorta, it induced a remarkable relaxation response in the WKY but not in the control SHR. Tetraethylammoniumchloride (TEA) could block the above relaxation. It was also shown that the PVRF function was likely, depending on the extracellular [Ca(2+)]; the anti-contractile effect of PVAT could be reduced by the inhibitor of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent potassium channels, glibenclamide, and could be reduced by the inhibitor of cyclooxygenase by indomethacin. We thus infer that the PVAT function was distorted in hypertension rats, and the lipid-lowering treatment with atorvastatin could restore the PVAT function. The function of the PVRF may involve the Ca(2+)-activated potassium channels, the ATP-dependent potassium channels in vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC), and the release of PVRF from PVAT may involve prostaglandins (PGs) and the calcium metabolism. These results provide an insight into the pathological mechanisms of hypertension development, and indicate that the PVAT may be a potential new target for the hypertensive therapy.