Neurocutaneous melanosis in association with Dandy-Walker malformation: case report and literature review

Neurocutaneous melanosis (NCM) is a rare congenital noninheritable phacomatosis characterized by large and/or numerous cutaneous congenital melanocytic naevi (CMN) in combination with melanocytic leptomeningeal tumours. Dandy-Walker malformation (DWM) consists of a cystic dilatation of the fourth ventricle communicating with the posterior fossa, and a high insertion of the tentorium and hypoplasia/aplasia of the cerebellar vermis (partially caused by Zic1(+/-) Zic 4(+/-) on 3q2). An association of NCM and DWM is very rare, with only 15 previously reported cases to our knowledge. We present an 8-year-old girl with multiple CMN and DWM. A ventriculoperitoneal shunt operation was performed when she was 1 day old. Her neurological symptoms to date comprise headaches, nausea and vomiting as a result of ventriculoperitoneal shunt dislocation at the age of 4 years. The diagnosis is provisional asymptomatic multiple CMN-type NCM in association with DWM.