Cardiopoietic Factors Extracellular Signals for Cardiac Lineage Commitment

Cardiac muscle creation during embryogenesis requires extracellular instructive signals that are regulated precisely in time and space, intersecting with intracellular genetic programs that confer or fashion the ability of the cells to respond. Unmasking the essential signals for cardiac lineage decisions has paramount importance for cardiac development and regenerative medicine, including the directed differentiation of progenitor and stem cells to a cardiac muscle fate. (Circ Res. 2011;108:129-152.)