期刊
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
卷 104, 期 6, 页码 733-U65出版社
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.108.183053
关键词
genetic fate mapping; lineage reprogramming; Runx2/Cbfa1; smooth muscle cells; vascular calcification
资金
- NIH [R01 HL081785, R01 HL62329, K01 DK075665, HL07828- 06]
Vascular calcification is a major risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. To develop appropriate prevention and/or therapeutic strategies for vascular calcification, it is important to understand the origins of the cells that participate in this process. In this report, we used the SM22-Cre recombinase and Rosa26-LacZ alleles to genetically trace cells derived from smooth muscle. We found that smooth muscle cells (SMCs) gave rise to osteochondrogenic precursor- and chondrocyte-like cells in calcified blood vessels of matrix Gla protein deficient (MGP(-/-)) mice. This lineage reprogramming of SMCs occurred before calcium deposition and was associated with an early onset of Runx2/Cbfa1 expression and the downregulation of myocardin and Msx2. There was no change in the constitutive expression of Sox9 or bone morphogenetic protein 2. Osterix, Wnt3a, and Wnt7a mRNAs were not detected in either calcified MGP(-/-) or noncalcified wild-type (MGP(+/+)) vessels. Finally, mechanistic studies in vitro suggest that Erk signaling might be required for SMC transdifferentiation under calcifying conditions. These results provide strong support for the hypothesis that adult SMCs can transdifferentiate and that SMC transdifferentiation is an important process driving vascular calcification and the appearance of skeletal elements in calcified vascular lesions. (Circ Res. 2009; 104: 733-741.)
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