Genetic and pharmacological targeting of phosphoinositide 3-kinase-γ reduces atherosclerosis and favors plaque stability by modulating inflammatory processes

Background-The role of inflammation at all stages of the atherosclerotic process has become an active area of investigation, and there is a notable quest for novel and innovative drugs for the treatment of atherosclerosis. The lipid kinase phosphoinositide 3-kinase-gamma (PI3K gamma) is thought to be a key player in various inflammatory, autoimmune, and allergic processes. These properties and the expression of PI3K gamma in the cardiovascular system suggest that PI3K gamma plays a role in atherosclerosis. Methods and Results-Here, we demonstrate that a specific PI3K gamma inhibitor (AS605240) is effective in murine models of established atherosclerosis. Intraperitoneal administration of AS605240 (10 mg/kg daily) significantly decreased early atherosclerotic lesions in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice and attenuated advanced atherosclerosis in low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice. Furthermore, PI3K gamma levels were elevated in both human and murine atherosclerotic lesions. Comparison of low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice transplanted with wild-type or PI3K gamma-deficient bone marrow demonstrated that functional PI3K gamma in the hematopoietic lineage is required for atherosclerotic progression. Alleviation of atherosclerosis by targeting of PI3K gamma activity was accompanied by decreased macrophage and T-cell infiltration, as well as increased plaque stabilization. Conclusions-These data identify PI3K gamma as a new target in atherosclerosis with the potential to modulate multiple stages of atherosclerotic lesion formation, such as fatty streak constitution, cellular composition, and final fibrous cap establishment.