Emission inventories of primary particles and pollutant gases for China

Detailed high-resolution emission inventories of primary particles (PM2.5, BC and OC) and pollutant gases (SO2, NO (x) , NH3, CO and VOCs) for China in 2007 were constructed on the basis of the latest fuel consumption data, mostly at the county level, and from socio-economic statistics and data on fossil and biomass fuels obtained from government agencies. New emission factors reflecting local features were also used. The calculated emissions were 13.212 Mt PM2.5, 1.4 Mt BC, 2.946 Mt OC, 31.584 Mt SO2, 23.248 Mt NO (x) , 16.017 Mt NH3, 164.856 Mt CO and 35.464 Mt VOCs. The national and regional emissions were gridded with 0.5A degrees x 0.5A degrees resolution for use in air quality models. Larger emissions were found in eastern and central China than in western China. The emissions estimated here are roughly equal to those obtained in previous studies, but with different contributions from because of seasonal changes in residential heating and biomass combustion. Finally, uncertainties in inventories were analyzed.