期刊
CHEMSUSCHEM
卷 6, 期 8, 页码 1490-1499出版社
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201300191
关键词
bio-oil; biorefinery; catalysis; hydrodeoxygenation; lignin
资金
- CNRS (TGIR program)
- CNRS through the CRAKIN project
Lignin is a potential renewable material for the production of bio-sourced aromatic chemicals. We present the first hydrotreatment of lignin pyrolysis vapors, before any condensation, using inexpensive and sustainable iron-silica (Fe/SiO2) and iron-activated carbon (Fe/AC) catalysts. Lignin pyrolysis was conducted in a tubular reactor and vapors were injected in a fixed bed of catalysts (673K, 1bar) with stacks to investigate the profile of coke deposit. More than 170 GC-analyzable compounds were identified by GCxGC (heart cutting)/flame ionization detector mass spectrometry. Lignin oligomers were analyzed by very high resolution mass spectrometry, called the petroleomic method. They are trapped by the catalytic fixed bed and, in particular, by the AC. The catalysts showed a good selectivity for the hydrodeoxygenation of real lignin vapors to benzene, toluene, xylenes, phenol, cresols, and alkyl phenols. The spent catalysts were characterized by temperature-programmed oxidation, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and N-2 sorption. Micropores in the Fe/AC catalyst are completely plugged by coke deposits, whereas the mesoporous structure of Fe/SiO2 is unaffected. TEM images reveal two different types of coke deposit: 1)catalytic coke deposited in the vicinity of iron particles and 2)thermal coke (carbonaceous particles approximate to 1m in diameter) formed from the gas-phase growth of lignin oligomers.
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